[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"place-2164":3,"supporters":48,"nearby-2164":60},{"id":4,"source":5,"title":6,"position":7,"address":10,"text":11,"stones":12,"photos":31,"videos":36,"audioUrl":10,"initiative":37,"municipality":43,"district":10,"credits":45},"2164","guide","Familie Wolff",{"lat":8,"lng":9},51.7899463,6.1442264,null,"Dr. Max Wolff war Tierarzt und lebte seit 1885 in Kleve. Seit 1896 wohnte er mit seiner Ehefrau und vier Kindern in dem von ihm erbauten geräumigen Eckhaus an der Herzogstraße, das den Krieg weitgehend überstanden hat.\r\nHelene Wolff, seine älteste Tochter, war Sprachlehrerin. Sie engagierte sich in der Internationalen Frauenliga für Frieden und Freiheit sowie im Deutschen Esperantobund.\r\nDie jüngere Tochter Elfriede Wolff war ausgebildete Geigerin und staatlich anerkannte Geigenlehrerin. Viele Klever Kinder und Jugendliche erhielten in ihrer Privatwohnung Unterricht.\r\nSchon früh wurde die Familie von den Nationalsozialisten verfolgt. Dr. Wolff, der trotz seines hohen Alters noch als Tierarzt tätig war, erhielt 1935 Berufsverbot, ebenso Elfriede Wolff, die keine nichtjüdischen Geigenschüler mehr unterrichten durfte. Helene Wolff wurde während einer Esperanto-Veranstaltung in Düsseldorf für einige Tage in „Schutzhaft“ genommen.\r\nNach dem Novemberpogrom kam der 82-jährige Max Wolff für fünf Tage in „Schutzhaft“ in Kleve. Ende 1938 musste er sein Haus verkaufen. Wie bei allen Verkäufen jüdischen Grundbesitzes an „arische“ Käufer entsprach der Kaufpreis nicht dem Wert des Gebäudes. Erst im Juli 1939 gelang der Familie die Emigration, zunächst nach London, wo Max Wolff drei Monate später kurz nach seinem 83. Geburtstag starb. Die Schwestern reisten 1941 weiter nach San Francisco.\r\n\r\nDr. Max Wolff (Dülmen 1856 – 1939 London, England)\r\nHelene Wolff (Kleve 1889 – 1955 San Francisco, Kalifornien, USA)\r\nElfriede Wolff (Kleve 1892 – 1973 Marin, Kalifornien, USA)",[13,19,27],{"name":14,"portrait":10,"placeholder":15,"id":16,"firstName":17,"lastName":18,"inscription":10,"sourceUrl":10},"Dr. Max Wolff","male_adult","4416","Dr. Max","Wolff",{"name":20,"portrait":21,"placeholder":24,"id":25,"firstName":26,"lastName":18,"inscription":10,"sourceUrl":10},"Helene Wolff",{"url":22,"thumbUrl":23},"https:\u002F\u002Fstolpersteine-guide.de\u002Fuploads\u002Fportraits\u002F38f301e2f58dfb2d9b5a643851ad1441.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fstolpersteine-guide.de\u002Fuploads\u002Fportraits\u002F38f301e2f58dfb2d9b5a643851ad1441_thumb.jpg","female_adult","4417","Helene",{"name":28,"portrait":10,"placeholder":24,"id":29,"firstName":30,"lastName":18,"inscription":10,"sourceUrl":10},"Elfriede Wolff","4418","Elfriede",[32],{"url":33,"thumbUrl":34,"width":10,"height":10,"caption":35},"https:\u002F\u002Fstolpersteine-guide.de\u002Fuploads\u002Fmedien\u002F0501ae12a53ec3c7958c3ff9c4862135.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fstolpersteine-guide.de\u002Fuploads\u002Fmedien\u002F0501ae12a53ec3c7958c3ff9c4862135_thumb.jpg","Blick etwa 1919 vom Bahnhof aus in die Herzogstraße. Das rechte Eckhaus bewohnte die Familie von Dr. Max Wolff. Auf dem linken Eckgrundstück entstand Ende der 1920er Jahre das Haus, in dem seit 1937 das Ehepaar Kaufmann wohnte. (Postkarte)",[],{"id":38,"name":39,"association":40,"associationUrl":41,"imprint":42},"138","Kleve","Haus der Begegnung – Beth HaMifgash e.V.","http:\u002F\u002Fmifgash.de\u002Ferinnern\u002Fjuedische-orte-in-kleve\u002F","mifgash.de\r\n\r\nDie AG Geschichte besteht seit April 2014. Ihre Aufgabe ist die weitere Aufarbeitung der jüdischen Geschichte in Kleve.\r\n\r\nAutorin und Ansprechpartnerin: Helga Ullrich-Scheyda  ·  helga@scheyda.de",{"key":44,"name":39},"de-05154036",[46],{"kind":47,"name":40,"url":41,"text":42},"initiative",{"count":49,"anonymous":50,"names":51},15,7,[52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59],"Stefan Christ","Paul Lederer-Déliou","Bernd Sello","David and Anne Rosenfeld","Martin Schreyer","Claudia Körner","Anett Humboldt","Peter Hein",[61,88,111,129,148,178],{"place":62,"distance":87},{"id":63,"source":5,"title":64,"position":65,"stones":68},"2165","Familie Kaufmann",{"lat":66,"lng":67},51.7898363,6.1440291,[69,77,82],{"name":70,"portrait":71,"placeholder":15,"id":74,"firstName":75,"lastName":76,"inscription":10,"sourceUrl":10},"Rudolf Kaufmann",{"url":72,"thumbUrl":73},"https:\u002F\u002Fstolpersteine-guide.de\u002Fuploads\u002Fportraits\u002Fb40cda822ffce771f63424bc63cf47a9.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fstolpersteine-guide.de\u002Fuploads\u002Fportraits\u002Fb40cda822ffce771f63424bc63cf47a9_thumb.jpg","4419","Rudolf","Kaufmann",{"name":78,"portrait":10,"placeholder":24,"id":79,"firstName":80,"lastName":81,"inscription":10,"sourceUrl":10},"Charlotte Kaufmann geb. 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